Epistemologi Filsafat Ilmu
Apa itu ilmu pengetahuan ? Apa beda ilmu dengan pengetahuan ?
Karena ilmu pengetahuan melahirkan keyakinan filosofis yaitu yang disebut sebagai asumsi, postulat, aksioma.
Filsafat ilmu adalah hal yang mendasari atau makna yang terkandung dalam sebuah ilmu. Pemahaman akan filsafat ilmu disebut epistemologis. Filsafat adalah suatu wacana atau argumentasi mengenai segala hal yang bersifat universal yang dilakukan secara reflektif hingga sampai pada akar masalah yaitu suatu konsekuensi radikal, terakhir, dan sistematis guna mencapai suatu hakikat permasalahan.
Bagian yang dibicarakan dalam filsafat ilmu mengenai ilmu pengetahuan dan kebenaran. Craig (2005) melihat epistemologi adalah inti dari permasalahan filsafat mengenai hakikat, sumber, batas-batas ilmu pengetahuan. Artinya bahwa pengetahuan adalah keyakinan akan kebenaran, tetapi bukan semata-mata keyakinan yang benar. Misalnya keyakinan yang benar berdasarkan terkaan, tidak termasuk pengetahuan.
Bagian utama permasalahan filsafat adalah untuk mengetahui segala sesuatu yang ada, yaitu :
1. Masalah logika formal yang mendasari wacana ilmu pengetahuan.
2. Epistemologi mencari hubungan antara kebenaran dengan luasnya pengetahuan.
3. Berbeda, sama, serta hubungan antara filsafat dan ilmu pengetahuan
4. Klasifikasi ilmu pengetahuan
5. Masalah metodologi
6. Kesatuan ilmu pengetahuan
7. Pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
Epistemologis merupakan proses menyusun pendapat mengenai sesuatu hal yang berhubungan dengan mengetahui,
pengetahuan, kepastian, atau kebenaran pengetahuan.
Sumber : Pengantar Filsafat, Prof. Dr. Sutardjo A. Wiramihardja, Psi. PT. Refika Aditama, 2006.
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